Uraemia

The concentration of urea or creatinine in blood or plasma represents the dynamic equilibrium between production and elimination. In healthy subjects there is an enormous reserve of renal excretory function, and serum urea and creatinine do not rise above the normal range until there is a reduction of 50-60% in the GFR.

Thereafter, the level of urea depends both on the GFR and the production rate. The latter is heavily influenced by protein intake and tissue catabolism. The level of creatinine is much less dependent on diet but is more related to age, sex and muscle mass.

Once it is elevated, serum creatinine is a better guide to GFR than urea and, in general, measurement of serum creatinine is a good way to monitor further deterioration in the GFR.

A diagnosis of uraemia requires two components: azotaemia and symptoms and signs of uraemia.

• Anafranil
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Disease condition a
• Family health
• Laser chaser
• Disease condition j
• Illness w
• Cervical ectropion
• Bad breath
• Cipralex

Health Tip

Reduced carbon di oxide levels in the blood can be restored to normal by a slowly breathing into and out of a paper bag about 10 times and then breathing normally for 15 seconds untill the rapid breathing ceases.